Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis that affects the joints. It is characterized by the gradual breakdown and loss of cartilage, the protective tissue that cushions the ends of bones within a joint. As the cartilage deteriorates, the bones can rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling.
OA can occur in any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. It is often associated with aging, as the wear and tear on the joints over time contribute to the development of OA (refer to the figure below). However, other factors such as joint injuries, obesity, genetics, and repetitive stress on the joints can also increase the risk.
The symptoms of OA can vary from person to person but typically include:
Joint pain: Usually worsens with activity and improves with rest.
Stiffness: Joints may feel stiff, especially after periods of inactivity or in the morning.
Swelling: The affected joint may become swollen and tender.
Decreased range of motion: It may become difficult to fully move the joint.
Grating or crackling sensation: A grating or crackling sound may be felt or heard when moving the joint.
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